Bats, and a recently discovered extinct mouse-sized creature, are the only land mammals known to have inhabited New Zealand until the arrival of humans. Fossil marine mammals have been found. New Zealand now has two surviving species of endemic bat.
Greater Short-tailed Bat, Mystacina robusta (1965) (Still billed as Critically Endangered by IUCN)
Waipatia maerewhenua (Dolphin, Oligocene age, about 23–34 million years ago)
SB mammal, thought to be neither therian nor australosphenidan
Birds
Extinctions since mid-19th century European settlement
Auckland Islands Merganser, Mergus australis
Chatham Islands Rail, Cabalus modestus
Dieffenbach's Rail, Gallirallus dieffenbachii
South Island Snipe, Coenocorypha iredalei
North Island Snipe, Coenocorypha barrierensis
New Zealand Quail, Coturnix novaezelandidae
North Island Takahe, Porphyrio mantelli
South Island Kokako, Callaeas cinerea cinerea (Believed extinct from the 1960s, but recent reports suggest a small population may still survive.)
Huia, Heteralocha acutirostris
South Island Piopio, Turnagra capensis
North Island Piopio, Turnagra tanagra
Chatham Islands Bellbird, Anthornis melanocephala
New Zealand Little Bittern, Ixobrychus novaezelandiae
Stephens Island Wren, Traversia lyalii
Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes
South Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes longipes
North Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes stokesi
Stewart Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes variabilis
Chatham Islands Fernbird, Bowdleria rufescens
Laughing Owl, Sceloglaux albifacies
Chatham Islands Penguin, Eudyptes sp.
Extinctions since 14th century Māori settlement
North Island Adzebill, Aptornis otidiformis
South Island Adzebill, Aptornis defossor
Eyles' Harrier, Circus eylesi
Haast's Eagle, Harpagornis moorei
Giant Chatham Island Rail or Hawkins' Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi
Hodgen's Waterhen or Hodgen's Rail, Gallinula hodgenorum
Snipe-rail, Capellirallus karamu
Chatham Islands Coot, Fulica chathamensis
New Zealand Coot, Fulica prisca
Giant Chatham Island Snipe, Coenocorypha chathamica
New Zealand Owlet-nightjar, Aegotheles novaezealandiae
Grant-Mackie's Wren, Pachyplichas jagmi
Yaldwyn's Wren or Stout-legged Wren, Pachyplichas yaldwyni
Long-billed Wren, Dendroscansor decurvirostris
Chatham Islands Raven, Corvus moriorum
New Zealand Raven, Corvus antipodum
North Island Raven, Corvus antipodum antipodum
South Island Raven, Corvus antipodum pycrafti
New Zealand Musk Duck or De Lautour's Duck, Biziura delautouri
Chatham Islands Duck, Pachyanas chathamica
New Zealand Pink-eared Duck or Scarlett's Duck, Malacorhynchus scarletti
Finsch's Duck, Chenonetta finschi
North Island Goose, Cnemiornis gracilis
South Island Goose, Cnemiornis calcitrans
New Zealand Swan, Cygnus atratus sumnerensis
Scarlett's Shearwater, Puffinus spelaeus (600 BP)
Moa
Bush Moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis
Upland Moa, Megalapteryx didinus/benhami
Heavy-footed Moa, Pachyornis elephantopus
Crested Moa, Pachyornis australis
Mappin's Moa, Pachyornis geranoides
Stout-legged Moa, Euryapteryx gravis
Coastal Moa, Euryapteryx curtus
Eastern Moa, Emeus crassus
North Island Giant Moa, Dinornis novaezealandiae
Giant Moa, Dinornis robustus
Waitaha penguin, Megadyptes waitaha
Extinctions before human settlement
New Zealand Albatross, Manu antiquus
Narrow-flippered Penguin, Palaeeudyptes antarcticus
Marples' Penguin, Palaeeudyptes marplesi
New Zealand Giant Penguin, Pachydyptes ponderosus
Wide-flippered Penguin, Platydyptes novaezealandiae
Amies' Penguin, Platydyptes amiesi
Lowe's Penguin, Archaeospheniscus lowei
Lopdell's Penguin, Archaeospheniscus lopdelli
Duntroon Penguin, Duntroonornis parvus
Oliver's Penguin, Korora oliveri
Harris' Penguin, Marplesornis novaezealandiae
Moisley's Penguin, Tereingaornis moisleyi
Ridgen's Penguin, Aptenodytes ridgeni
Tyree's Penguin, Pygoscelis tyreei
Miocene False-toothed Pelican, Pelagornis miocaenus
Stirton's False-toothed Pelican, Pseudodontornis stirtoni
Miocene diving petrel, Pelecanoides miokuaka
Lake Manuherikia diving duck, Manuherikia lacustrina
Douglas' duck, Manuherikia douglasi
St Bathans shelduck, Miotadorna sactibathansi
Johnstone's duck, Dunstanetta johnstoneorum
Enright's duck, Matanas enrightii
Reptiles
Ankylosaur, unidentified (Cretaceous)
Compsognathus-like creature (Late Jurassic)
Hypsilophodont, unidentified (Cretaceous)
Joan Wiffen's Theropod, possibly Australovenator (Cretaceous)
Kawekaweau, Hoplodactylus delcourti (1870)
Narrow-bodied Skink, Oligosoma gracilicorpus
Northland Skink, Cyclodina northlandi (Late Holocene)
Theropod, unidentified (Cretaceous)
Titanosaur, possibly Diamantinasaurus (Cretaceous)
Plesiosaurs and other fossil marine reptiles, such as mosasaurs, have been known from New Zealand.
Mauisaurus, Mauisaurus haasti (Late Cretaceous, 65 million years ago)
Moanasaurus, Moanasaurus mangahouangae (Late Cretaceous)
Nothosaur, unidentified, (Triassic)
New Zealand Plesiosaur, Kaiwhekea katiki (Late Cretaceous, 69–70 million years ago)
Waipara mosasaur, Prognathodon waiparaensis (Late Cretaceous, 70 million years ago)
Amphibians
Aurora frog, Leiopelma auroraensis
Markham's frog, Leiopelma markhami
Waitomo frog, Leiopelma waitomoensis
Stereospondyl
Fish
New Zealand grayling, Prototroctes oxyrhynchus (1930s)
New Zealand white shark, Carcharodon angustidens (Late Oligocene, 26 M years)
Giant oprah, Megalampris keyesi (Late Oligocene, 26 M years)
Insects
Mecodema punctellum